Footnotes

  1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Management of recurrent early pregnancy loss. Practice Bulletin 24. February 2001
  2. Menasha J, Levy B, Hirschhorn K, Kardon N. Incidence and spectrum of chromosome abnormalities in spontaneous abortions: new insights from a 12 year study. Genetics in Medicine. April 2005; 7:251-263
  3. Bates, Betsy. “Cytogenetic Profiles: Genetics Can Triage Management of Recurrent Miscarriage.” OB/GYN News, 7/15/04
  4. Stephenson MD. Frequency of Factors Associated with Habitual Abortion in 197 Couples. Fertility and Sterility 1996; July Vol 66:24-29
  5. Ibid, ACOG Practice Bulletin
  6. Stephenson, M. Management of Recurrent Early Pregnancy Loss. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine. April 2006; 51:303-310
  7. Janssen HJEM, Cuisinier Marian, Hoogduin KAL, de Graauw KPHM. Controlled Prospective Study on the Mental Health of Women Following Pregnancy Loss.  American Journal Of Psychiatry February 1996; 153:226-230
  8. Brier N, Anxiety After Miscarriage: A Review of the Empirical Literature and Implications for Clinical Practice. Birth June 2004; Vol 31:138-142
  9. Theut SK, Pedersen FA, Zaslow MJ, Rabinovich BA. Pregnancy Subsequent to Perinatal Loss: Parental Anxiety and Depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1988; 27 (3):289-292
  10. Franche RL, Mikail SF. The Impact of Perinatal Loss on Adjustment to Subsequent Pregnancy. Social Science & Medicine 1999; 48:1613-1623
  11. Cote-Arsenault D. The Influence of Perinatal Loss on Anxiety in Multigravidas.  Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing 2003; September/October: 623-629
  12. Swanson KM, Karmali ZA, Powell SH, Pulvermakher F. Miscarriage Effects on Couples’ Interpersonal and Sexual Relationships During the First Year After Loss: Women’s Perceptions. Psychosomatic Medicine September/October 2003; Vol 65:902-910
  13. Ibid, Swanson
  14. Stephenson MD. Frequency of Factors Associated with Habitual Abortion in 197 Couples. Fertility and Sterility 1996; July Vol 66:24-29
  15. Ibid, ACOG Practice Bulletin
  16. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Cervical Insufficiency. Practice Bulletin 28. November 2003
  17. Stray-Pedersen B, Stray-Pedersen S. Etiological Factors and Subsequent Reproductive Performance in 195 Couples with a History of Habitual Abortion.  American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology; January 15, 1984; 148:140-146
  18. Iams J, Goldenberg R, Meis P, et el. The Length of the Cervix and the Risk of Spontaneous Premature Delivery. New England Journal of Medicine; February 29, 1996; Vol 334, Number 9: 567-572
  19. Hassan S, Romero R, Berry S, Dang K, Blackwell S, Treadwell M, Wolfe H.  Patients with an ultrasonographic cervical length < or =15 mm have nearly a 50% risk of early spontaneous preterm delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology; June 2000; Volume 182 (6):1458-1467
  20. Scher, Jonathan. Preventing Miscarriage, the Good News. New York, NY: Harper-Collins, 2005
  21. Althuisius S, Dekker G, Hummel P, Bekedam D, van Geijn H. Final Results of the Cervical Incompetence Prevention Randomized Cerclage Trial (CIPRACT): Therapeutic Cerclage with Bedrest Versus Bedrest Alone. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology; November 2001; 185: 1106-1112